Chapter 513 The T-shaped volume is groundbreaking and thought-provoking
"Some people may say, is there any bank and money shop that can lend them money? A shipyard can't spend three to five hundred taels of silver, and even a few thousand taels may not be able to do it. What's more, the bank and money shop has never been able to lend money to them. There is no such business."
Feng Ziying continued to ask and answer questions: "The opinion of the lower official is that the imperial household department should take the lead in setting up such a bank, attract wealthy businessmen and gentry from all over the country to take shares, and then use the shares to lend..."
Feng Ziying's words stirred up a storm in the palace again. This time, even with Zhang Huaichang's power, he could not silence all officials.
Even the elder Li Tingji couldn't help but said in a deep voice: "Ziying, isn't this inappropriate? How unbecoming is it for the imperial court to take charge of lending? Isn't the imperial court just like those profiteers who lend money? Isn't this right? It is no longer about people fighting for profit, but pure profit-seeking, which is the greatest damage to the prestige of the imperial court! This case must not be allowed!"
Li Tingji's views won the support of the vast majority of officials in the palace, and all the officials raised objections one after another.
This court established a bank and then loaned money, which is really shocking. Moreover, unlike the Western concept, the Eastern court cannot compete with the people for profit.
And moneylenders are not only despised among businessmen, but of course this has a lot to do with the fact that the interest rates charged by moneylenders are too high.
For example, the Dazhou Law stipulates that the monthly interest on a loan shall not exceed three points, and if it exceeds three points, it will be punished. At the same time, the interest on a loan shall not exceed the principal. But in fact, in private lending, even large loans between relatives and friends are never allowed. Below two points, three points are the most common, and more than three points are also common.
Such high interest rates also make merchants extremely cautious when borrowing money. If they are not careful, they can fall into debt.
Feng Ziying also realized that it would be difficult to change the views of these people at once, but he had to put forward this opinion and let these people have such an awareness. As for setting up such a bank to support him, he did not I hope the court will let go immediately.
"Master Li, maybe you have misunderstood Xianguan's thoughts. Xianguan said before that the establishment of banks and lending is to support the development of these businesses. For example, the shipbuilding industry itself has huge investment, and ordinary merchants are definitely not willing to leave the business they are most familiar with. Because the unpredictable risks are too high to develop in unfamiliar places, in order to alleviate their worries, they must provide support from many aspects. This kind of loan support is just one aspect, and the bank's lending is definitely not for that point. Erliqian,…”
Feng Ziying explained calmly, but it was obviously difficult to convince people.
"Ziying, if the court uses this method to support, wouldn't it be the same as the court directly sending money to these merchants?" Li Tingji shook his head with a gloomy look, "This is different from what you originally said. .”
"If the Ministry of Household Affairs of the imperial court is unwilling to invest, it doesn't matter. It only needs to be expressed by the imperial court that it will support the development of these industries. It will be of great benefit to the national economy and people's livelihood to encourage and support private merchants to establish such a bank to support this type of industry. I think it can still be done to make a living in the industry. Of course, for such a bank, the court must have relevant policy support..."
Li Tingji was not easy to fool, so he immediately asked: "Ziying, you are a bit vague about the support of the court. How to support it specifically? Why don't you just use money from the Ministry of Household Affairs to make up for it?"
Feng Ziying smiled bitterly, "Of course not. If Mr. Li wants to ask for specific details, I can also talk about it..."
Li Tingji glanced at Ye Xianggao, and then saluted Emperor Yonglong, "Your Majesty, I thought that since it was a court meeting, I might as well clarify many matters one by one, so as not to have anyone in the court doubt whether it was the case in the future. Someone is teaching and receiving privately behind the scenes. If it is possible, the meeting can be confirmed today. If not, then it must be made clear to avoid all kinds of rumors in the future..."
Obviously Li Tingji had received some instructions and was unwilling to let this issue go easily.
To be precise, both Ye Fang and Ye Fang were worried about Zheng Jizhi, the Minister of Household Affairs, and were worried that this guy would make deals with northern scholars such as Emperor Yonglong and Qi Yongtai.
Zheng Jizhi himself is a scholar from the North, and he is already old. He can become an official long ago. If this guy feels that he is going to become an official anyway, he must contribute to the north at this time and use the power held by the Ministry of Revenue at all costs. If you support it to the extreme, you will really create a hole for the imperial court in the future.
Feng Ziying glanced at Li Tingji. Although Li Tingji had a good impression of him, he could not give in easily on such matters. Feng Ziying also found it interesting and nodded, "My intention is that if the imperial court can allow the Ministry of Household Affairs to Opening an account at this bank and depositing the household silver in this bank should be the greatest support for this bank."
One stone stirred up a thousand waves and placed the household account, that is, the treasury account of the Great Zhou Dynasty, in this bank? How can that work? ! Is this Feng Ziying crazy? !
There was an uproar in the palace, but Feng Ziying didn't care. He knew that it would definitely cause huge controversy, doubts and even opposition.
It will be difficult for the court to gain sufficient credibility if it does not invest in it. It will be much more difficult to set up such a bank. Of course, Feng Ziying has to make demands.
"Ziying, I'm afraid you've gone too far, right?" Fang Congzhe couldn't help it, "If the Ministry of Household Bank's banknotes are deposited in this bank, according to your idea, they will be used to lend money to support so-called projects that are beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood. If the Ministry of Household Affairs is in urgent need of silver, what should we do?"
"Master Fang, of course the bank I hope to set up is not just about lending money, but also the issue of reserve funds for deposits and loans. In fact, the bank deposits in the bank are more of a reserve fund. This kind of backup guarantee is to ensure that in special periods, the bank will not have problems with its payment and lose its credibility. This is more complicated..."
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In fact, in the West, this kind of bank that exchanged deposits and loans had already taken shape in the 12th century, and Italy had a bank with real commercial significance more than 20 years ago.
But in the Great Zhou Dynasty, those money shops and banks were still closely connected with pawnshops, basically focusing on pawning, and the business of exchanging and collecting handling fees did not appear for many years, and was still in a slow and stagnant bud. state, and even suffered a lot of resistance and distrust.
This can be seen from the attitude of the Xue family's **** shop towards this kind of money shop and bank plan.
"..., let me give you an example. For example, if the shareholders of Yinzhuang invest one million taels, then this one million taels is the share capital. In addition, for example, the account department deposits 300,000 taels. Well, some others are for the convenience of deposits and withdrawals. That is to say, merchants who do business deposit 700,000 taels sporadically, so the total is two million taels. Then we can theoretically lend one million taels, because this is actually the stock money from shareholders, and there is no risk of What was taken away,…”
"…, but in fact, the Ministry of Household Affairs may not use the 300,000 taels of silver for a year, or it may be necessary to withdraw 200,000 taels or even all of it a month later because of the severe drought in Shanxi or the floods in Jiangxi and the need for silver relief. The same is true. , the silver deposited by these merchants was deposited in Yangzhou this month. Next month he may have to spend half of it in the capital to pay for the goods he purchased, or the next month he may have to buy money from outside the Great Wall in Datong. The other half has to be paid for the horse skins,..."
..., in the same way, maybe after two months he sold the goods in Luoyang, recovered the payment, and continued to deposit. In this constant interlacing of time, these countless merchants will always have a considerable amount of silver accumulated in them. In the silver village, the cycle begins again and again, and the years go by..."
"...This part of the silver tael seems to be constantly changing, but in fact if you do a careful calculation, you can basically determine a rough range. For example, out of one million taels, there may be five or six hundred thousand taels that are constantly being deposited and withdrawn. The remaining hundreds of thousands of taels are accumulated in the bank, which can be used for lending... In addition, some pre-processing procedures can also be set up. For example, if you want to withdraw a large amount of taels, you must wait some time in advance. Notice so that Yinzhuang can prepare..."
It's convoluted, but easy to understand. Feng Ziying specifically emphasized the time difference and probability between access and access. This barely made these people understand the truth, but they all found it quite complicated and still uncertain. Too big.
“But Ziying, if everyone comes to withdraw money at the same time, and you borrow all the money, how will you deal with it?” Fang Congzhe couldn’t help but ask again.
"Master Fang, the probability of this is very small, or almost impossible unless there are special reasons. For example, there are a thousand businessmen depositing and withdrawing silver here. They come from the capital, Nanzhi, Shanxi, Huguang, Fujian, and even each other. We have no contact or acquaintance with each other, how can we come to withdraw money at the same time?"
Feng Ziying explained patiently: "Unless it is a certain situation, such as the court thinks that there is a problem with the bank and wants to seal it down, this is why I hope that the account department can buy shares or open an account in the bank. This is quite Yu lent part of the court's reputation to the Bank, which allowed merchants to increase their trust in it. Even if the Ministry of Accounts became its shareholder, personnel could be sent to supervise it to prevent it from abusing money or not following the original settings. direction to conduct business,…”
Feng Ziying's words echoed in the hall and aroused deep thought among the ministers in the hall.
This ground-breaking idea is actually not complicated. In a sense, it is just a layer of paper. You can understand it after wearing it, but it lacks the inspiration to wear it.
As for how to operate it specifically, there are still many matters that need to be considered in detail.
(End of this chapter)