Chapter 380 Eighteen Bachelors
Early morning.
The fog covered the sky with a hazy gauze.
The group of little sparrows jumped up again, flying down from the treetops in the courtyard to the front of the porch, chirping non-stop at Qin Lang, and even jumping on his shoulder playfully.
There were only three or five sparrows in this group at the beginning, but now it has expanded to eighteen.
Yu Xuanji thought the sparrows were noisy, but Qin Lang liked these little guys, and could even tell the difference between each one, so he named these sparrows Eighteen Scholars.
Qin Lang held a scroll of dictionary manuscripts in his hand, and whistled at the bird.
These little guys immediately jumped in front of Qin Lang.
Open a wooden box, inside is the earthworm raised in the Qin family's farm, they are fat and twisting around there.
A box of earthworms fell on the ground, and the eighteen bachelors scrambled to grab it one by one, very excited.
"I heard that Sanlang's family raised a flock of sparrows and named them Eighteen Scholars. I didn't believe it before, but I finally believed it after seeing it with my own eyes."
Hanlin Bachelor and Deputy Transit Envoy Ma Zhou smiled and shook his head, "Your Majesty has eighteen bachelors, and now you have eighteen bachelors, which is not good."
There were 18 bachelors in Qin Wangfu, later there were 18 bachelors in Hongwen Hall, then there were 18 bachelors in Chongxian Hall, and now there are 18 bachelors in Hanlin Academy.
"There are so many 18th students, so it's not bad for me?"
Qin Lang said with a smile.
"You."
Ma Zhou shook his head helplessly, Qin Lang always likes to surprise when he does things. "You yourself are both a scholar of the Hanlin Academy and a scholar of the Chongxian Hall. If you call the sparrow a bachelor, isn't it also detrimental to your reputation as a scholar?"
"These sparrows are chirping every day, I think they look like bachelors."
Ma Zhou was speechless, and looked down at the book in Qin Lang's hand.
"How is your book editing?"
"Compiling."
What Ma Zhou was talking about was the dictionary in Qin Lang's hands, tentatively named Zhenguan Dictionary, which is a book of characters, but unlike Shuowen Jiezi or other books of characters in previous dynasties, this book is written by Qin Lang in Chinese pinyin. based dictionary book.
The Qie Yun book from the Sui Dynasty is the most recent calligraphy book. The achievement of Qieyun is very high. If we break it down, Qieyun actually belongs to the rhyme book, which organizes Chinese characters according to the relationship between sound, rhyme and tone. dictionary.
But the most important thing in rhyme books is of course the emphasis on pronunciation. The reading sound of Qie Yun is the lower pronunciation of Guluo. In fact, his speech is different from his usual speech.
For example, Li Shimin and the others usually speak Guanzhong dialect more, but in their poems and articles, they use Luoxia pronunciation. For example, the imperial examination also requires the rhyme used in poems, etc., so they must use this reading pronunciation, according to the standard. The rhyme book comes.
The rhyme books of the past dynasties have some differences. Although they all claim to use the Central Plains pronunciation and Luoxia pronunciation, there are some differences.
Different versions of rhyme books use different standards, but they are basically the same.
For example, the Qie rhyme is divided into rhymes according to the flat up and down into the sound. There are 193 rhymes, and the sound is divided according to the anti-qie sound.
Fanqie method is actually equivalent to a pinyin method, but using two characters to cut the sound of a character is actually somewhat substandard.
In contrast, Qin Lang felt that the Chinese Pinyin spelling he learned when he was a child was more accurate and convenient than the Fanqie method.
Pinyin also has rhymes, and there are finals and initials, and there are single finals and double finals in the finals.
Compared with the Fanqie method in Qieyun practiced by the Sui people, it is obvious that the pinyin method is more efficient and accurate. After all, a set of pinyin only has dozens of consonants and finals, which can be learned in the first grade of elementary school, and can spell out various sounds. Come on, but the Fanqie method is to use Chinese characters to cut the sound of the word. If the literacy is different, it is not easy to cut.
Qin Lang is not free to do this thing, it is because he found that his younger brothers lack talent in reading, and now let them enlighten them, the result is that they can't learn all the rhymes.
Shandong Qizhou dialect is full of mouth, and there is a little Guanzhong accent, but I can't learn the Luoxia reading pronunciation well.
The teacher’s teaching is not bad, but the children are really tired from learning this Fanqie method, so they can only memorize it by rote. This learning method is obviously not very efficient.
So Qin Lang intends to figure out the Chinese pinyin. Although today's reading sounds are completely different from those of later generations of Mandarin, the key is to learn the initials and finals, and then add the reading sounds.
This is actually like marking dialects with pinyin.
You can also use radicals to look up characters.
You can also add some illustrations and explanations. For Chinese characters, there are not only phonetic notation and interpretation, but also group words and interpretation.
The most important thing is to let the newly-learned Mengsheng learn by themselves with the help of this dictionary. They can learn pronunciation, word translation, word formation, etc., instead of just cramming them for a few years.
"Why do you want to add vernacular definitions, phrases, and examples?"
There are so many Chinese characters, and each word needs to be phonetically notated, with examples and explanations. The content must be very large. If more vernacular is added, the content of this dictionary will undoubtedly increase.
"Firstly, it is easy for children to understand, especially for those young students, so that it is convenient for self-study. Second, I have a small ambition. I hope that we can use this Zhenguan dictionary to fully promote the Tang Yin to the barbarians around. When Qin Shihuang ruled the world, different texts, different languages, different sounds, different tracks and different tracks had different weights and measures, but he forcefully established a unified standard, which made the world truly unified."
"My Great Tang is becoming more and more powerful now, and there are many barbarians all over the world, but if these barbarians still speak barbarian language and traditional barbarian customs, do you think they can really be of one mind and one mind with us? "
Ma Zhou nodded in agreement.
Regarding the resettlement policy for the Hu people, Ma Zhou actually held the same attitude as Wei Zheng, thinking that although these people belong to our race, their hearts must be different, which is absolutely untrustworthy.
Wei Zheng and Ma Zhou always believed that the Hu people could not be moved to the south, but they had to be driven to the north of the Great Wall.
Qin Lang was also opposed to directly resettling these barbarians and Hu people in the interior, especially opposed to letting them move the whole tribe to the south, and even allow them to be independent and self-governing, and build a country within a country. Right now, even after 1400 years, the so-called rule of someone by someone is still a failure.
But simply driving them away is unrealistic. After all, the Great Wall is still far away from Yinshan and Yanshan, and in the future, Datang may also take over the Western Regions, Northeast, and Southwest. It cannot be said that these places will not be ignored.
So the best way is to govern and control.
History has long proved that the colonial model is actually quite advanced. The most important point of the colonial model is immigration and colonial education. These two points are indispensable, otherwise the control of the colony cannot be guaranteed, especially the integration of the indigenous barbarians.
A Zhenguan dictionary is easy to learn. With a dictionary in hand, one can learn Tang Yin and Chinese characters by himself. How convenient it is for colonial education.
Qin Lang didn’t need to say how many imperial examination scholars were trained by colonial education. As long as they could speak Tang dialect and write Chinese characters in the future, it would be a great improvement. Therefore, adding vernacular definitions and examples to the dictionary is also convenient for colonial education. Promotion, after all, ancient Chinese is not easy to learn, and it is too troublesome to find the source of the classics everywhere.
Ma Zhou took the manuscript and read it for a while.
"Your dictionary is very good, it greatly improves the practicability of this dictionary."
Qin Lang nodded.
"My elm-headed brothers and adopted sons, since they learned the Chinese pinyin, they are now much better at reading, and even their interest in reading has increased a lot."
"Well, you have added a lot of things behind this? This summary table of punctuation marks is not bad. What is this? A list of districts in Daozhou County in the Tang Dynasty? A table of twenty-four solar terms, a summary table of measurement units... "
"These new ones you added are not bad."
Ma Zhou felt very pleasantly surprised, which can be called amazing, after all, the definition of this dictionary is a Chinese learning tool book.
"How many words are included in this dictionary?"
"More than 10,800 characters, and more than 20,000 phrases."
Ma Zhou exclaimed, "The complete book of Shuowen Jiezi in the Han Dynasty contains 9,353 characters, and there are 1,163 variant scripts, and the total is only 10,516 characters. You This is more than what you can get from explaining Chinese characters."
"Hundreds of years have passed since the Han Dynasty, and the times have developed, and many words and phrases have been added." Qin Lang explained.
"Bin Wang, you also show me the manuscript, give me your comments, and help me revise it. When the dictionary is published, you will also be added to the editorial team."
"I don't dare to covet this fame, I'll just help take a look." Ma Zhou said hastily.
A Zhenguan dictionary, which contains tens of thousands of words, plus various pinyin, definitions, phrases, examples, etc., that is more than a million words.
According to one volume of 10,000 characters, there are also a hundred volumes.
This is a real tome.
Even if it is made into a volume of 100,000 characters, it must be at least ten volumes.
Even if Donggong presided over it, Qin Lang took the lead, and called many Confucian scholars to work together, it would probably take about a year to complete it.
"Once this book is published, it is estimated that it will become the most printed book in the Tang Dynasty, right?" Ma Zhou said with a smile. Such a collection of calligraphy, rhyme, training and evaluation far surpasses Qieyun, Shuowenjiezi, etc. It is not surprising that hundreds of thousands of copies are printed.
"I plan to let those barbarians who have surrendered also build primary schools, so children aged five to ten must go to primary schools, learn dictionaries, and learn Chinese." Qin Lang said ambitiously.
He even planned to make all the Hu people change their surnames to Han, just like the Northern Wei Dynasty forced the Han people to change their surnames from Xianbei to Hu, so that after a few generations, maybe there will be no such obvious Hu Di barbarians, and they will all be Chinese.
(end of this chapter)