Chapter 1206 Retro
Some people say that the greatest increase in labor productivity is the result of the division of labor. Qin Lang agreed with this sentence. Even primitive and savage tribes know that men hunt and gather women.
In those fishing and hunting tribes, no matter whether they are strong or old or weak, everyone divides and cooperates and engages in different labors. And an empire as powerful as the Tang Dynasty, with hundreds of millions of people on the frontier, has even greater potential. When they reformed the New Deal and let go of the simple production policy that tightly bound the people on the land in the past, Datang also exploded with incomparably powerful productivity.
For the future of Luzon, Qin Lang is the chief designer.
Every decision he makes now affects the future development of Luzon, and if he is not careful, he may lose everything. Some people think that Luzon Island has now solved the problem of legality and has a formal identity, so it will develop step by step in the future.
Luzon Island is suspended overseas, but the conditions are very good. The Luzon Plain alone is equivalent to the 800-mile Qinchuan or the Jianghuai Plain, and how many dynasties and empires have been bred by the 800-mile Qinchuan?
Cultivate wasteland, cultivate land, develop agriculture, and let everyone become a landlord. The tiller will have his land, and everyone will have his house.
Qin Lang is not satisfied with this kind of old-fashioned thinking, especially when some people actually proposed a more comprehensive retro-style plan, and some even took Confucian classics and proposed to restore the well field system and implement the well field law in Luzon.
The well field system was implemented by the Zhou Dynasty, and one of the most important ones during the Qin Dynasty’s Shangyang reform was to abandon well fields and open fields.
What was the earliest well field system like? All the land in the world is the land of the king. As the saying goes, is it the land of the king in the world, and the guests of the land are the ministers of the king.
So the land system of the Zhou Dynasty was the king of the land. This Wang You is also very mysterious, because it is not public and state-owned but called Wang You. Wang You is the private property of the Zhou emperor.
But Zhou Tianzi was the co-lord of the world after all, so the land system of the Zhou Dynasty could not be regarded as private ownership of land.
All the land belonged to the Emperor Zhou, and then the Emperor Zhou distributed the land to the princes, but the ownership of these lands still belonged to the Emperor Zhou, and the princes only had the right to use the land, and they had to pay tribute if they took the land of the Emperor Zhou. , that is, the actual payment of rent.
Scholar-bureaucrats at all levels below the princes and even free people own land, the same is true.
For example, Zhou Tianzi enfeoffed Jiang Ziya Lu Shang to Qidi to establish a country, Jiang Ziya then subdivided his fiefdom to his literati, and his literati distributed the land to the people in his fief for farming.
However, this kind of division of land does not mean all divisions. Nobles at all levels will leave some land, which is often called public land. Public land is usually cultivated by slaves, but he is also required to allocate private land for cultivation. The free folk help with the farming.
The income from public land is all self-owned, while the income from private land is only land rent.
So the Zhou Dynasty had the well field system. At the beginning, a large piece of land was divided into nine squares, and the surrounding eight pieces of land were all distributed to the people for cultivation, and then the middle piece was public land. They cultivated the common land for their lords free of charge, and all the proceeds from the common land went to the lords.
Of course, under the hierarchical enfeoffment system, for example, a scholar-bureaucrat is often also a vassal of a monarch, so his land is equivalent to the private land allocated to him by the monarch, so a portion of his total income must be allocated. to the superior monarch.
The monarch also has to turn it over to heaven.
However, the well-field method like Jiugongge is only ideal, so the core of the well-field law is public land and private land, and the private land is distributed layer by layer, and then a piece of public land is reserved for the owner. The owner of the private field has to cultivate the private field for the lord. Kind of like a free bondage.
Later, when the Zhou Dynasty expanded and developed, it not only planted land near water sources that were easy to irrigate, but also reclaimed and planted places that were not easy to irrigate. If there was no water, wells were dug to get water.
The Zhou Dynasty fully implemented the well-drilling technology, forming a situation where there are wells that can be cultivated.
So after the development of the well field system to the late stage, the square and square well fields have long since disappeared, but the well-drilling and irrigation technology and the public-private field system.
However, the private land under the well field system is not completely private land. In theory, it is still the king’s land belonging to the emperor of Zhou. They are the lowest-ranking nobles, and they also have their own fiefs, so they distribute the land to the lowest-level people, and at the same time use slaves to cultivate the public land.
These fields are divided and entrusted, but they still belong to the Emperor Zhou in name, and they can still be taken back.
After the Qin Dynasty, in general, the land system of the various dynasties experienced was still a public system, and there was no real private ownership. In the land equalization system since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, land grants are mainly divided into mouths, which must be returned after death, and permanent land is mainly mulberry fields.
Now, the imperial court can't suppress mergers, which is actually taking the route of land privatization.
Even the Central Plains is not suppressing mergers and private ownership, how can Luzon backtrack?
So these days, Qin Lang has been busy with these institutional policy things.
In San Francisco Yacheng Governor's Mansion, Qin Lang held a meeting and reiterated this basic policy once again. Qin Lang's plan is relatively simple. Now all the land in Luzon is privately owned, and everything belongs to the lord Qin Lang.
is privately owned by Qin Lang and not by the Luzon Dudufu.
Qin Lang has the right to sell all land, mines and other assets in Luzon. Of course, because Luzon is the governor's office of overseas territories, the governor's office is also Qin Lang's agency.
"Then what about the land granting method? Will it still be implemented?"
Before, in order to attract immigrants, a very generous immigration settlement law was established, including the land grant law. When you come here, you can divide the land and grant the land according to the head. Anyway, the conditions are good, and the land granted is designated as Yongye Tian, that is, private land, and there is no need to return it after death.
"In order to unify the policy, it is changed to sell out. Anyone who does not have land in Luzon can enjoy the preferential policy of land purchase when he comes to Luzon to settle down. Every man who is 15 years old but less than 50 years old can buy land alone. Eighty acres of land, 40 acres of land purchased by the woman. The land is sold at the best price, and only 1000 yuan per mu is required, and an agreement can be made to repay the land purchase payment in installments."
In the past, the land was allocated and granted upon arrival, but now Qin Lang feels that since privatization is going to be done, it should be privatized to the end, and the land will not be divided, but sold. The price is also set very cheaply, the price is really not expensive for one mu of land. But what if ordinary people may not be able to afford so much money to buy one or two hundred acres?
You can get a loan, interest-free, and repay in installments, up to 10 years interest-free, or 20- or 30-year low-interest installments.
You buy the land first and plant it, and after earning income, you pay back the principal and interest every year, slowly. For example, a single man bought 80 mu of land with a land price of 80 guan, and then paid it back in installments over 20 years. There were two installments a year, summer and autumn, that is 40 installments, and one installment only needed to pay back 4 guan.
Eighty mu of land has a harvest of a hundred stones of grain per season, and a gross income of ten thousand dollars.
It can even be sold cheaper, 800 yuan or even 500 yuan per mu. For these low-priced lands, some restrictions are fine. The deadline is that they can only be sold after ten or twenty years.
In general, it is to sell land at a low price instead of granting land for free, and continue to attract immigrants.
As for landlords buying and selling land, there are not too many restrictions. However, deed taxes are required to be paid for buying and selling land and houses. You can buy whatever you want, as long as you have money, as long as you don’t buy those restricted circulation fields that are sold to new immigrants at low prices, then it’s up to you. , but for every transaction, a formal contract must be signed by the government and the deed tax must be paid.
Deed tax is levied on the buyer at a rate of 10%.
This tax is not low. In addition to land, houses and shops are also subject to transaction deed tax.
With this deed tax, Qin Lang doesn't care about the merger and transfer of land. Every time there is a transfer, a tax can be collected, which is 1/10 of the transaction value. Collecting ten times is equivalent to selling the land again.
At the same time, there is no such thing as tax exemption for nobles and bureaucrats. The basic two taxes are based on land and property. The Yao slaves are now also converted into money, and they are also shared into the fields.
So there is no need to be afraid of land annexation and transfer, and it is fine if the land is concentrated in the hands of the landlord.
The later Song Dynasty did this. Therefore, although the land annexation in the Song Dynasty was serious, it was the dynasty with the least peasant uprisings in the history.
Unrestrained mergers will inevitably lead to a direction, that is, a large number of people become tenants or enter towns, become handicraft merchants, and become laborers.
So as long as you continue to follow the tenancy law promulgated by the court in the early years, you don't have to worry too much about what will happen to the landless farmers. In essence, there is no difference between the land of tenants and the land of the imperial court, because both rent and tax are paid.
In the past, the heaviest burden on the people was actually the poll tax. The rent adjustment in the early Tang Dynasty was essentially a poll tax. Anyway, no matter how much land was distributed to you, this tax was not linked to the land or property, but only It is collected according to Dingkou and households.
So under the previous tax system, it would be easier for those with land, after all, to make money and pay taxes. If you have no land and have to pay taxes, you will die, so everyone would rather be a slave to the landlords and nobles. If you're not a good citizen, you're not a taxpayer, and you don't have to pay taxes.
The aristocrats are happy to accept these volunteers because they have political privileges, they are national exempt households, and no matter how much land they have, they don’t have to pay taxes or serve.
This is the extremely unreasonable part of the local taxation system. Of course, the court also saw the problem, but the world was turbulent in the past, and the court was full of those who benefited from the interests. Under internal and external troubles, they did not dare to make too much reform. , otherwise the country will perish.
At the beginning of Zhenguan, the world was reunified, the old interest groups have been broken, the emperor is a strong man who comes out once in hundreds of years, and the ruling officials in the court are mainly upstarts. Aristocratic old interest groups.
Only the **** decides the head. It's not that they can't see through it, but that the original people are reluctant to touch their own interests, while the latecomers are happy to redistribute the interests.
This also requires a specific political environment.
So the founding emperors of all dynasties actually made great political reforms, and they all succeeded after all. In the middle and late dynasties of the past dynasties, political reforms were generally forced to be carried out, but they were often unsuccessful. This is the reason. Vested interest groups hold power, and they are not willing to let go easily.
(end of this chapter)