Chapter 927 A big deal in higher education
Why Galvestein singled out the central agricultural region and the Mozambique region for discussion, it certainly makes sense.
The biggest factor affecting the distribution of agriculture in East Africa is actually precipitation. Except for the Mesopotamia (Somalia), the nine major agricultural areas have rainfall of more than 400 millimeters, while the precipitation in Mozambique and the central agricultural areas is 600 millimeters. Between millimeters and 1,500 millimeters, the climate above is the real tropical rainforest climate.
Generally speaking, the precipitation in tropical rainforest climates is more than 2,000 millimeters all year round. Of course, the Congo rainforest in East Africa is an exception. Its precipitation is generally around 1,500 millimeters to 2,000 millimeters. In special circumstances, special areas may Breaking through 3,000 millimeters, most areas of the Amazon rainforest have basically stabilized at above 2,000 millimeters.
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Like the Katanga Plateau and the Great Lakes region, they are humid areas close to the tropical rainforest, which are most suitable for agricultural cultivation. Although Mozambique is far away from the tropical rainforest, it has relatively abundant precipitation due to factors such as topography.
Of course, among the nine major agricultural regions, there is also the Mesopotamia, a special place. Somalia can be ranked among the nine major agricultural regions, completely relying on its developed commercial agriculture, which is closest to the Eurasian market and has excellent quality agricultural products, such as cotton, melons and fruits. Class is the output header.
“Dividing the country into these nine major agricultural regions basically means that East Africa’s agricultural policies are tilted towards these regions. The focus is to vigorously promote mechanized farming models in these regions, and coordinate and manage them in a unified manner according to the agricultural characteristics of each region.”
“Similarly, industrial supporting facilities such as chemical fertilizers, agricultural machinery, pesticides, and repair shops are mainly deployed in these areas to ensure our country’s food security, improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, promote the development of my country’s agricultural modernization, and promote related technological progress.”
This is a clear picture. The fundamental reason for promoting agricultural reform in East Africa is to promote the development of related industries, especially chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, automobiles, tractors, petrochemical and other industries.
At the same time as agricultural reform, we should cultivate these emerging industries to take root and develop in East Africa. After all, in these fields, although East Africa is not lagging behind the times for the time being, it will take a long time to stabilize its position and rely on the accumulation of time and policies.
Ernst: "Workers and peasants are not separated, especially in East Africa, a large agricultural country that is undergoing transformation. There is no doubt that East Africa is still a backward agricultural country, and it is for us to become a world power that has initially achieved industrialization. goals for the next few decades.”
“Although we have made some achievements that cannot be ignored in the field of industrial development, compared with European and American countries, we still have a long way to go.”
"For example, in the powerful countries in Europe and the United States, many urbanization rates have exceeded 40%. The United Kingdom has exceeded 70% and is close to 80%. Germany has also reached about 50%. In all Europe except Tsarist Russia, The average is around 30 percent.”
"According to our data over the past two decades, the urbanization level in East Africa has dropped from around 20% in the early 1980s to around 17% in the early 1990s. Therefore, the industrialization process in East Africa has a long way to go. ”
The reason why East Africa's urbanization level is developing regressively is not that East Africa's industrial development is slow, but that the rate of new population in East Africa is too fast, which slows down the progress of industrialization.
Of course, the fact that it could reach 20% before was also related to East Africa’s outstanding performance during the world economic crisis in the 1970s.
Moreover, the South African War was an important turning point. Before that, in addition to building its own economy, East Africa was also hindered by factors such as expanding its territory, focusing on developing military industry, developing the army, and ensuring national security. After the South African War, the focus of the East African government's work has been fully shifted to economic construction. In addition to overseas territorial expansion, East Africa's local territory has basically taken shape. With the end of the South African War, East Africa's external threats have been lifted.
So in the 1990s, the focus of East Africa's work was to catch up with developed countries such as Europe and the United States. Of course, it is a foolish dream to catch up within ten years, but narrowing the gap between the two sides is Ernst's focus.
"By the end of this century, East Africa's urbanization level should break through 20 percent again. At the same time, it will continue to exert efforts in various basic industrial fields, build a relatively complete industrial system, and continue to maintain East Africa's advantages in emerging industries such as electricity and automobiles. position, and at the same time become bigger and stronger in the petroleum, chemical and other industries, focusing on traditional industrial fields such as shipbuilding, steel, railways, and textile industries.”
“In the field of education, in the next three years, our country will build at least more than 100 institutions of higher learning according to administrative divisions, becoming a new world academic and educational center.”
Higher education has always been a shortcoming in East Africa. However, the conditions for building higher education in East Africa are now mature. First, after decades of development, East Africa has accumulated sufficient high-level talents.
Secondly, after the adjustment of administrative divisions, a number of new provincial capitals and cities will be born in East Africa, and educational resources will naturally be developed with the development of these new cities.
According to Ernst’s idea, each province must build at least three higher education institutions, with priority covering the fields of agriculture, industry and medical care. At the same time, a number of higher normal colleges must be established for teacher training.
In this way, the forty-five provincial administrative regions in East Africa, plus several key cities, and the new capital of East Africa, the Rhine City, would not be enough without the establishment of hundreds of new higher education institutions.
This is definitely a leapfrog development for higher education in East Africa. As of 1897, the total number of formal universities in East Africa, including colleges and universities, was only forty-three, and they were concentrated in the central and eastern regions. There are twenty-six of them, and below that there are only technical schools with quasi-higher education level. The level of these technical schools is between technical colleges and East African practical high schools, and they are not considered regular higher education colleges.
However, these "pheasant" technical schools have also played a big role in cultivating talents in East Africa, especially in cultivating basic technical workers. The most famous one is undoubtedly the Mbeya Electric Power Technical School.
From this point, we can also see the hard work of East Africa in the field of electric power. Among East African universities, the East African National Electric Power University enjoys the most generous resources and has the highest level. In addition to Radio and TV University, the construction of related institutions is also the most complete. This is also An important reason why East Africa’s power industry ranks first in the world.
Not only are there few higher education resources in East Africa, but they are also unevenly distributed. Of course, the uneven geographical distribution cannot be blamed on the East African government. After all, East Africa’s territorial expansion is too fast.
Ernst continued: "Of course, in addition to the additional universities established in accordance with administrative adjustments, the state has also built a number of departments based on key disciplines, covering electric power, petroleum, chemical industry, steel, textiles, automobiles, shipbuilding and other industrial fields, as well as medical care. Category, military industry, and theoretical categories must also be supplemented to serve as the vanguard and vanguard of our country’s future scientific and technological development.”
If you include international students, the number of college students in East Africa is actually not inferior to that of other countries. After this meeting, East Africa's higher education will surpass other countries in scale.
Of course, the cost of doing this is that it will definitely not be easy to improve the quality. In fact, compared with other countries, what East Africa lacks is not higher education talents, but top scientific and technological talents, the kind of people who can single-handedly promote science and technology. Progressive people are leaders in every country.
Of course, it’s not that there are no such big guys in East Africa, but no country has too many of them.
(End of this chapter)